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Conus Terminology Glossary Periostracum: Outer shell layer consisting of mainly sclerotised proteins. Columella: Abapical column structure forming the central axis for development Relative shell weight: Absolute weight (grams) per millimeter of shell length giving an estimate of shell thickness. Apex: Adapical tip of shell Protoconch: Prematamorphic whorls of the shell Teleoconch: Postmetamorphic whorls of the shell Teleoconch sutural ramps: Interspace between subsutural ridges on Teleoconch Sub-sutural ridges: Ridges on Teleoconch Shoulder: Widest part of shell body forming margin between shell body and spire. Spire: Area of shell adapical of the shoulder excluding the shell body Lip: Outer edge of aperture Aperture: Opening of shell Anal/exhalent notch: Notch between the shoulder and outer lip of aperture. Siphonal canal/fasciole: Canal/fasciole on columella of shell. Adapical: Toward the apex Abapical: Toward the base Adapical third: Third of shell towards apex Whorls: One complete coil of the spiral shell. PMD: Position of maximum diameter of last whorl Post nuclear spire whorls: Whorls of spire excluding those constituting the protoconch Body whorl/Last whorl: Whorl that forms the shell body excluding the spire. Axial threads: Threads in a direction perpendicular to the shell axis Radial threads: Threads in the direction of the shell axis. Axial streaks: Streaks in a direction perpendicular to the shell axis Spiral cords: Cords sprialing in a direction perpendicular to the shell axis Paucispiral: Number of whorls unknown but less than two. Multispiral: Number of whorls unknown but more than two. Midbody line: An area of a shell approximately midway between its apex and columella. Shoulder carina: A sharp-edged ridge on the shoulder of the shell Spiral ridges: Ridges spiraling in a direction perpendicular to the shell axis Striae: A thin narrow groove, channel, line or band Tubercles: A small projection or outgrowth Granules: Small grains, pellets or particles. Flames/flammules: Wavy, axially elongate areas of colour Tentmarks: Triangular areas of colour with pointed apices. Ground colour: Underlying base colour of shell Shell colour: Colour of appearance of a shell Spot: Round area of colour Lines: Solid usually axiallly or spirally oriented areas of colour Dash: Narrow or rectangular areas of colour spirally or axially oriented. Flecks: Regularly or irregularly shaped areas of colour. Bars: Wide to rectangular usually spirally elongate areas of colour. Band: Solid mainly spiral and sometimes axial uninterupted areas of colour broader than streaks. Dots: Very small points of colour. Clouds: Irregularly shaped areas of colour, not elongate and less contrasting with ground colour than blotches. Blotches: Irregularly shaped areas of colour, not elongate and contrasting with ground colour. Streaks: Rectangular areas of colour broader than broad lines with variable orientation. Canaliculate: With one or more longitudinal grooves or channels. Nodulose: Having wart-like nodules or fine knobs Carinate: Ridged with carina or keel Punctate: With small spots, points or depressions
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