Again, not clearly demonstrated in Australian snake venoms. Major local skin damage at the bite site is rare in Australia. However, moderate to marked local swelling is seen following bites by mulga snakes, red bellied black snakes and other members of this genus. Mild local swelling with ecchymosis and pain is common after bites by tiger snakes. Brown snakes usually cause minimal or no local pain, redness and swelling, with bite marks or scratches which are hard to see in some cases. Taipans cause variable local effects, usually less severe than for tiger snakes. Death adders usually cause mild swelling but marked pain.